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What's New ?: Announcements and News

Larry Somerville
Yoho Lake Area Adopt A Highway Chairman
Ph 457-1122
e-mail afs@nbnet.nb.ca

Yoho Echo News

The Yoho Echo is the local newsletter/newspaper that covers local issues and goings on in the community. Past Issue's may be available in .pdfs.

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Articles and Facts

Be Aware of Health Risks of Algal Blooms

This section will contain articles by our local talent, and general articles of interest to the lake area.

Blue-green Algae Reported in Dozens of Quebec Lakes

Source: globeandmail

 
Boiling doesn't remove problem, so thousands of residents drinking bottled water

TU THANH HA

July 14, 2007

MONTREAL -- In Cowansville, a city southeast of Montreal, about 13,000 residents lined up yesterday for bottled water after being told they couldn't drink from their taps.

At the Saint-Benoît-du-Lac Abbey, the stately monastery overlooking Lake Memphremagog, the monks have to truck in water to make their famous cheeses.

The spread of blue-green algae in Quebec has triggered widespread headaches this summer as the toxic pond scum has been reported in dozens of lakes.

Scientists caution that there has not been a vertiginous increase in the algae.

They say the higher number of reported outbreaks reflect an increased vigilance, not a catastrophic surge.

Nevertheless, those researchers say the algae is a long-existent environmental problem linked to runoff from farming, septic tanks and cottages.

"It's a wakeup call," said Yves Prairie, a specialist in inland water at the University of Quebec in Montreal.

While it's labelled an algae outbreak, the problem is caused by a micro-organism, cyanobacteria, which thrives in slow-moving water, especially water rich in nutrients such as phosphates from dishwashing detergents and fertilizers.

The Quebec Health Department says 55 lakes and rivers are affected, although 49 have only localized outbreaks. In the Eastern Townships cottage country, the algae has hit parts of Lake Memphremagog, a source of water for thousands of people.

Richard Carignan, a biology professor at the University of Montreal, said such a scorecard is misleading.

"You can spot blue algae in every lake. It's their concentration in some lakes that's a real problem."

Prof. Prairie said some places, such as the Quebec end of Lake Champlain - which runs down into New York State and Vermont - are chronically infested.

Others, such as Lake Memphremagog, are not rich in algae nutrients so the outbreak there is likely to be temporary and contained, he said.

Both scientists said many of the 55 lakes on the government list are not facing chronic problems.

"Half the lakes on that list shouldn't be there," Prof. Carignan said.

Still, the scare has had an impact on small towns that rely on summer tourism.

"We've got a lot of worried people here," said Raymond Mallette, a campground owner in Saint-Gabriel-de-Brandon, 100 kilometres northeast of Montreal.

While his campground hasn't been hit, reservations have suffered because one of the two municipal beaches has been affected intermittently by blue algae on Lake Maskinongé.

Bathing and aquatic sports are also banned on a seven-kilometre stretch of the lake's feeder river.

Mr. Mallette, who is also the head of the Chamber of Commerce, said merchants, from the local supermarket to restaurants and the realtors, have all suffered, reporting a drop in revenues of 10 to 80 per cent.

A previous algae outbreak in 2004 resulted in a decline in property values of 15 to 20 per cent, he said.

The algae problem is more acute in Quebec because cottagers here are more likely to have waterfront lawns, which leach fertilizers into the water, Prof. Carignan said.

Quebec's thriving hog farms, which use liquid manure, are also a major cause of runoff, Prof. Prairie said.

Because the water is fouled by a toxin stored in the algae's cells, boiling does not remove the problem.

That is why the people of Cowansville have to drink bottled water for at least two weeks until test results are satisfactory.

The Great Lakes were badly tainted by blue algae until 1972, when Canada and the United States banned the used of phosphates in laundry detergent.

That ban didn't apply to detergents for automatic dishwashers, of which there were few at the time, Prof. Carignan said. Now, cottagers increasingly have dishwashers.

While detergents for those machines contribute only a fraction of the phosphate runoffs (most comes from fertilizers), their impact is felt in resort areas that have been hit by algae even though there is little farming around.

"You can't have shiny dishes and healthy lakes at the same time," Prof. Carignan said. "You can't change farming systems overnight but what you can do overnight is stop using dishwashing detergents with phosphates."

Mr. Mallette said it is impossible to guarantee that an area won't be hit by the algae.

"There are no more assurances that the beaches will be open any more than there are assurances you won't get a hurricane next time you're in Mexico."

Cottagers Damaging Outaouais Lakes at Alarming Rate, Quebec
Warns

Source: The Ottawa Citizen Pdf here.

November 16, 2004

Dozens of Outaouais lakes are deteriorating rapidly because of cottage development, Outaouais' director for the Quebec Ministry of Environment said yesterday.

Marc Dubreuil said septic tank runoff, the use of detergent and lawn fertilizer are adding nutrients to the lakes more quickly than expected. The process known as eutrophication, causes heavy algae growth, murky water and changes in fish population.

The process is similar to the problem Lake Erie faced during the 1960s when nutrients from sewage and agricultural and urban runoff spurred unchecked growth of algae. When the algae die and decay, they remove oxygen from the water.

Some of the lakes affected include Gauvreau, Blue-Sea, Saint- Pierre, Cayamant, Sicraire, Lemery, Whissel and des Cedres.

Emmanuel Dalpe, a biologist consultant working for the municipality of La Peche, said water quality in Lac Gauvreau west of Wakefield is at risk because of the pressure of human development and cattle raised near a creek that flows into the lake.

Mr. Dalpe said the lake is particularly sensitive because of the sluggish flow of water. He said it takes 18 years for water to flow through the lake into the La Peche River.

The University of Ottawa is doing a study of the lake to determine whether the blue-green algae bloom that occurs in the fall includes toxic strains of algae.

"Some of these blue-green algae could be toxic, and we want to investigate what could happen if it comes into contact with humans," Mr. Dalpe said. "Nobody has reported becoming ill, but that could happen if you ingest it."

Mr. Dubreuil said the ministry doesn't have the resources to monitor all the lakes, but provides technical assistance to municipalities and property owners' associations that want to limit development or ensure septic tanks are correctly installed and pumped out regularly.

The ministry says there is a link between the density of cottage development and lake degradation.

"Human activity puts pressure on the lakes and speeds up their aging because of nutrients that come from septic tanks," Mr. Dubreuil said. "Nutrients flowing into the lakes also come from fertilizer put on lawns, and from erosion due to tree cutting nearby.

"A lot of lakes are at risk of aging rapidly. Waste water with detergent goes into the septic tanks and ultimately into the lakes. It is another source of nutrients in the lakes."

Each lake has a capacity for absorbing nutrients, Mr. Dubreuil said. Below that level, the lake can respond to the inflow of nutrients without becoming murky with algae. But lakes begin to grow algae and aquatic plants when there are more nutrients than they can absorb.

Mr. Dubreuil said people who live around the lakes are the cause of the problem and the ministry believes they should provide solutions.

"We are trying to give people the motivation to reverse the changes that are occurring," Mr. Dubreuil said. "People should minimize the input of nutrients into these lakes.

"The first thing to do is to make sure that provincial regulations for septic tanks are respected. Cottagers have to empty their septic tanks every two years. Municipalities have the power to enforce this and provide a service of emptying tanks at low cost."

Mr. Dubreuil said municipalities can use zoning regulations to increase lot sizes to reduce the density of development around lakes. He said development can be restricted on certain parts of some lakes.

The Ministry of Environment has been giving technical support and courses to municipal inspectors to make sure septic tank regulations are enforced. Mr. Dubreuil said municipalities can enforce protection zones around lakes to ban some types of development if necessary.

Mr. Dubreuil said an increasing number of cottagers complained about the decline in lake water quality in recent years.

"This is something that should concern people," he said. "It used to be that you could go to the lake and have your children swim in front of the cottage. Now some lakes are full of vegetation and your children may not want to go there."

Let the Gourd Times Roll

Source: Homeandgarden.canoe.ca 

We have a local raccoon. He works alone. Every night he pries the lid off the bird feeder and gorges on six pounds of sunflower seeds while we sleep.

Six pounds of seeds is a lot of roughage, even for a raccoon. He has digestive trouble. We see the evidence deposited wherever nature called.  And called. And called. But the point is, how much can one raccoon eat? We've gone through more sunflower seeds than Costco can keep in stock.

Our "pest-proof" feeder didn't survive the assaults.

Raccoons will happily gorge on anything they can get their hands on

Furry fingers loosened the wire hangers night after night. The feeder would plummet to the ground and spill its bounty (all six pounds).  Even extra wire and my special YWCA camp-craft knots were useless. Because raccoons are smart:  so smart they could hack into the American voting system and change the destiny of the free world. Oh, wait, they've already done that.

We tried leaving a radio blaring at night, set to a head-banger station. In the morning, the seeds were gone but there was evidence of a party (small pointy hats, cigarette butts and volcanic digestive trouble).

We tried Farley Mowat's technique from Never Cry Wolf. I made my male relatives pee around the front yard after dark. Sure enough, we had no wolves that night. But the raccoon wasn't put off. Everywhere we had peed, he retorted with a splat of digestive trouble. It was time to assert my opposable thumbs.

I hopped in the car and drove 45 minutes north of Toronto to Northern Dipper Farm (www.northerndipper.com), Canada's premier supplier of hard-shell gourds. Their charming on-site shop is stuffed with gourd supplies, gourd books, gourd seeds, gourd tools, gourd finishes and gourd art.  Gourd only knows how happy I was.

I chose my weapons: symmetrical canteen gourds, which are grown, harvested and cleaned in Guatemala and then shipped here in huge containers for Canada's growing hoards of gourding enthusiasts.  If you don't believe me, visit the Canadian Gourd Society (www.canadiangourdsociety1.homestead.com).

Gourds are like round wood. You can paint them, dye them, stain them, sculpt them, woodburn them and carve them into bowls, sculptures, tools, containers and drinking vessels. And bird feeders.

I made eight fence-top bird feeders to perch merrily along the chain-link fence, filled to the brim with seeds. All day they're swarmed with finches, bluejays and nuthatches. The raccoons are leaving them alone. (My theory is that he's too fat to perch on top of the fence. Besides, it's painful to sit on pointy chain-link. I learned that the hard way.)

Steps:

• Drill a hole in a gourd. Insert a serrated drywall knife and saw the gourd into two halves. Easy as cutting a Kaiser roll.
• Scrape out the dried seeds and fluffy pulp with a knife or sharp spoon.
• Cut two diamond-shaped holes in the bottom of the feeder, spaced the correct distance apart to accommodate the points of your chain-link.
•  (Optional) For a colourful finish, apply Gilder's Paste (fabulous matte finish that's applied with a rag dampened with mineral spirits). 
• One $10 tin covers 50 square feet. Oh baby.
•  Feed a 16-inch length of heavy wire through the diamond-shaped holes in the bottom.
•  Cut and place a circle of wire screen in the bottom to prevent seeds from trickling out of the holes.
•  Wire the feeder to the fence-top and fill with seeds.

It takes about 20 minutes for the local feather brigade to catch on.

Memories of Little Yoho Lake

By Gwen Martin 

I first set eyes on Little Yoho Lake on 29 July 1987, two days after moving to my original Yoho Lake home. Over the next 19 years, Little Yoho has become my haven, place of refuge, and reminder of all we have lost and will continue to lose. It also has become a place of profound magic.

Almost every day between July 1987 and today, I have walked the trail to Little Yoho and descended down Chessie’s trail to the shoreline. Over the years I have seen sunsets that made the world stop in its rotation. I have watched a five-legged deer limp her way across the ice in February. With Sophie-dog, I have tracked a she-coyote, seeing where she peed here, sniffed there, laid down for the night beneath spruce branches. And I have heard a 145-year old pine shiver, then fracture in a furious winter storm before collapsing to the icy lake, inches from my head. Its upturned roots are still visible beside the old wooden bench.

In summer, Sophie and I waded along the marshy north end, finding flowers that grow nowhere else in New Brunswick. Pitcher plants live there, feeding off flies. We saw young otters swimming along the shoreline, snuffling at the smell of dog, their curiosity only barely repressed by a more common sense. That same area, in winter, offers the best of ice-skating when snow conditions are kind. You can weave through cattails and the ragged remnants of lilypads, past the old beaver home. And all the while you can see maple leaves frozen and lacy beneath your feet.

Bald eagles, loons, ducks, purple martens, kingfisher, warblers, bear, moose, deer, fox, coyote...all these and more members of our other Yoho community have made their way to Little Yoho Lake just to sit. Often I have stood there, hidden in the shadows of trees, and watched the creatures be quiet and contemplative. It felt as though we were in a church together, communing with the same increasingly besieged god.

After having to leave Yoho for nine months in 2005, I thought continuously of Little Yoho, wondering how the animals were doing, hoping it was being looked after, visualizing the sunsets over the cranberry marsh on the far side. Finally I was able to move home – that is, to a new home situated near the end of the road, closer to my haven. First stop after moving in: Little Yoho. Foolish to say, I wept on the shore, so intensely grateful to be back. It felt as though I could breathe for the first time in months.

It is now early spring. The trail to Little Yoho is being torn up by all-terrain vehicles. What used to be a quiet footway is now a freeway for motorized vehicles heading from nowhere to nowhere. Even the private path that passes by Mr. Chessie's camp to the lake has been traversed repeatedly. The delicately mossy forest floor is shredded and unrecognizable. It is heart-breaking.

But the lake is still there. The sunsets are still evocative. With any luck, the loons will return and the otters also. Perhaps the ATV drivers will tire of the trail and move elsewhere or come to see and regret the damage they are doing. Meanwhile, I and others of like mind will continue to visit Little Yoho each day, watching for signs of spring: the itinerant ducks, the thirsty deer, the earliest shoots of bunchberry and twinflower … and the quavering, ancient throat of loon.

Loons Sound Alarm on Mercury Contamination

For many North Americans, loons are a much-beloved bird, symbolizing the solitude of the deep-woods wilderness with their distinctive, haunting wail that echoes over the northern lakes where they breed in summertime.

But about 30 years ago, people noticed shrinking numbers of the common loon—a stately black-headed, black-and-white checkered bird—in parts of Northeastern North America. Researchers began capturing loons on their breeding lakes in Southeast Canada in the mid-1990s to study them and monitor reproduction—and discovered high levels of mercury in the birds' blood and feathers.

Additional research showed that birds born in New York State and New England also were being exposed to large quantities of methylmercury, the form of mercury toxic to living things. After winter migration, loons return each year to their birthplace to nest—and these lakes were poisoned.

"The mercury levels in common loons in that part of North America are probably some of the highest levels in living animals anywhere in the world," said Mark Pokras, a veterinarian who runs the wildlife clinic at Tufts University Veterinary School in North Grafton, Massachusetts.

Mercury Alarm

This discovery raised an alarm: pollution in northern lakes posed a significant threat to fish-eating animals—and to people. It also added another dimension to the responsibility of U.S. and Canadian government regulatory agencies.

Now common loons, one of five loon species, are helping scientists better understand the impact of environmental mercury contamination on waterbirds, fish, and other aquatic wildlife. The birds are particularly vulnerable to environmental poisoning for many reasons. They are long-lived—up to 30 years—and they spend their lives in the water, feeding mostly on fish.

"Loons are at the top of the food chain, so they are an excellent indicator of environmental quality," said Nina Schoch, program coordinator for the Adirondack Cooperative Loon Program (ACLP) in Ray Brook, New York. "They are also an extremely charismatic species: people care deeply about them and are concerned about [their welfare]," she said.

These studies have also led to widespread warning for anglers about eating fish from affected regions.

Mercury on the Wind

Most of the mercury pollution that reaches northern lakes is spewed into the atmosphere by large coal-burning power plants and municipal waste incinerators in the Midwest and central Canada.

Wind currents carry mercury hundreds of miles eastward, along with compounds that create acid rain. The pollutants fall to earth in snow, rain, and dust particles, eventually washing into the many lakes and ponds that dot the region.

Few if any fish survive in acid lakes, so loons have less food for their young. Acid rain also increases mercury levels in wildlife: in acidic environments, mercury converts faster to toxic methylmercury.

Mercury's Toll

The dangers of mercury have been well documented in humans, but are less known in wildlife. Lab studies with other birds show that mercury damages the central nervous system, says Neil Burgess, a wildlife toxicologist with the Canadian Wildlife Service. "It tends to disrupt vision and muscle coordination, and is quite toxic to developing embryos," he said. It also seems to weaken immunity, making the birds susceptible to other diseases. d that on acid lakes, adults outnumbered chicks and young birds. "We started looking at reproduction rates in loons in relation to blood mercury levels," said Burgess. "The higher the level, the lower the reproduction."

Field studies revealed that loon pairs suffering from mercury poisoning rarely nested or laid eggs. When they did, they incubated the eggs poorly. Few chicks hatched, chicks didn't feed well, and parents had a hard time feeding them. Scientists wonder whether vision problems from mercury poisoning may be affecting the birds' ability to catch fish.

Now, researchers are determining exactly how high mercury levels need to be before reproduction decreases or stops altogether.

In a recent study by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in the Adirondacks, about one-fifth of the loons they caught and tested had mercury levels high enough to endanger breeding success.

Evaluating Environmental Impact

Researchers affiliated with the ACLP are creating a "wildlife criterion value," tracking how mercury moves up the food chain, from water and sediment into plankton, crayfish, fish and higher predators.

This will show where exposure is highest and how it accumulates. It will also allow scientists to sample water or lake mud and forecast the concentrations in pike and other big fish—or on loons and other species high in the food web, says Schoch.

"It's significant for people, too. We're also eating the fish," she said.

Soon the BioDiversity Research Institute, from Falmouth, Maine, will deliver a report to the USFWS detailing the status of loons, the threats they face—and will present a conservation plan. The Institute is one of ACLP's five partners, which also include the Wildlife Conservation Society, Natural History Museum of the Adirondacks, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and the Audubon Society of New York state.

Controlling Air Pollution

Changes to the Clean Air Act (CAA) in 1990 limited sulfur emissions from power plants, regulations which have improved air quality. But research shows that the standards remain too lax—and mercury continues to be unregulated.

Even with an additional 80 percent reduction in emissions beyond those required by law, it will take waters a quarter-century to become non-acidic, according to a 2001 report by the Hubbard Brook Research Foundation in Hanover, New Hampshire.

In December 2000, the Environmental Protection Agency announced that it will regulate mercury emissions from power plants. The EPA proposal is due in December, with final regulations to be issued in 2004.

In April, New York State's environmental board approved the toughest acid rain law in the nation, far surpassing federal regulations. "Scores of lakes and ponds in Adirondack Park are dead and remain the culprit of air pollution from power plants," said Eliot Spitzer, New York State Attorney General. "This problem can only be tackled by a federal and state effort to enforce the Clean Air Act."

"We know the dangers of methylmercury," says Pokras. "We need to dramatically change our regulatory and industrial practices to eliminate the mercury in our environment."

Otherwise the wail of the loons is at risk in the northern wilderness.

New Brunswick

Source: Conservation Council of New Brunswick

Mercury pollution has contaminated our food chain to the point that the New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government issued the following advisory: Pregnant women, nursing mothers, women who may become pregnant, and children less than eight years old, should, as a rule, not eat fish from lakes and ponds in New Brunswick.

Mercury is emitted by coal-fired power plants, incinerators and some industrial processes. It persists in the environment and accumulates in organisms, including people. It has caused reproductive problems in wildlife and even at low levels of exposure can cause damage to the developing brain of children before and after birth.

Local sources of mercury have the greatest impact within a 175 km radius, but it is a global problem with mercury transported over long distances with the prevailing winds. In addition to our local sources of mercury, we are on the receiving end of mercury pollution from the garbage incinerators of New England and the coal-fired power plants of the American mid-west.

Conflicts with Canada Geese ?

Source: CWS Ontario Region

Canada Geese begin looking for nesting sites early in February in south-western Ontario. By mid-March, most pairs have a well-established breeding territory. If nests are destroyed, geese usually attempt to re-nest nearby. The first eggs are laid in late March. Canada Geese lay one egg approximately every 1.5 days. Clutch sizes range from two to eight eggs. By mid-April, most geese are sitting on their nests. Peak hatching occurs during early May.

The V-shaped formations of migrating Canada Geese passing high overhead may be a welcome sign of spring, but geese that breed in temperate regions, such as southern Ontario, can be unwelcome inhabitants of parks, fields and yards.

In recent years, numbers of Canada Geese have increased dramatically in residential and lakeside areas of southern Ontario. This increase can be attributed to desirable habitat, their high reproductive rate and long life span, and a lack of natural predators. Not only are there increasing numbers of geese, but also their range is expanding. Canada Geese can now be found in areas they did not previously inhabit.

Conflicts between people and geese have emerged in rural, urban and suburban settings, as people are faced with geese consuming crops and grass, leaving large amounts of droppings, and at times aggressively protecting their nests. An additional problem in urban areas is the danger around airports where flocks of flying geese are a potential hazard for airplanes.

Environment Canada works with individual landowners, municipalities and farming organizations to overcome goose problems to the extent possible. Several management techniques have been applied, including establishing special hunting seasons that target the “resident” or “temperate-breeding” geese, advising on habitat modifications at problem sites, and sharing research findings with other organizations. Permits are also issued to scare birds or interfere with nesting geese to discourage reproduction through methods such as oiling eggs to prevent hatching.

• Do not feed Canada Geese.
• Cut grass slightly longer and seed with a coarse grass.
• Maintain an unmowed shoreline buffer of grasses, shrubs and wildflowers.
• Cover pond banks with climbing obstacles.
• Investigate your municipality’s management plan for temperate-breeding geese. The local management plan may employ the use of egg oiling programs.
• Harassment and scare techniques can be effective; however, geese may quickly habituate to the disturbance so the effectiveness could be short-lived. Scare permits may be obtained on a case-by-case basis from Environment Canada.

Canada Geese will live in an area that meets their needs for food, reproduction and security. An area that provides all of these things provides good habitat. Changing that habitat is the key to discouraging geese from remaining in an undesirable location.

Large grassy areas next to water provide ideal habitat. Geese prefer feeding sites in open areas with access to ponds, lakes or marshes to escape danger. Adjacent areas, such as docks, beaches and yards, provide a safe place for preening and loafing.

Canada Geese are grazers that feed mostly on short grasses such as those found in parks, lawns and golf courses. The geese prefer to feed on short, manicured lawns, so allowing grass to grow longer and choosing coarser grasses will create less hospitable habitat.

Changing the landscape is the most effective long-term and environmentally sound method of discouraging Canada Geese from taking up residence. The geese prefer unobstructed sightlines to feel secure, and will avoid areas where plants or other obstacles block their view of the surrounding area. The use of hedges and shrubs to block visual sightlines will help to discourage Canada Geese. Low fences and gates can be installed while new landscaping takes hold.

Canada Geese – long-time residents of southern Ontario

The Giant Canada Goose is the most common sub-species of Canada Geese in rural and urban southern Ontario. Accounts by 17th century explorers indicate that the geese were part of the area’s original fauna. They were abundant in the extreme south-west, where prairies and wetlands covered hundreds of square kilometers.

However, by the turn of the 20th century, Canada Geese had virtually disappeared from nearly all of their former breeding range within southern Ontario, mainly as a consequence of uncontrolled hunting. The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and local conservationists reintroduced Canada Geese to southern Ontario in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Dramatic landscape changes, the loss of predators, and the goose’s own remarkable adaptability have helped its numbers rise. Manicured parks, lawns, golf courses, and agricultural crops flanked by ponds or watercourses provide ideal, secure living conditions. Also, use of fertilizers makes the plants very high quality food for geese.

Adapted from: Resident Canada Geese in Agricultural Southern Ontario Infosheet, 1997

Legal protection for migratory birds

The Canada Goose is a migratory bird in Canada, protected under law by the Migratory Birds Convention Act. The Canadian Wildlife Service, part of Environment Canada, manages and protects migratory birds and their habitat, which includes issuing permits, and setting harvest limits and hunting seasons.

It is against the law to disturb, damage or destroy the nests or eggs of Canada Geese. In some cases, permission may be obtained from the Canadian Wildlife Service.

Property damage caused by Canada Geese can be a nuisance. Landowners or their agents are permitted to scare Canada Geese provided birds are not killed or injured in the process. The use of a scare pistol or shotgun for the purpose of scaring is highly regulated. A permit to discharge a firearm for this purpose must be obtained from CWS.

For more information on permits:

• Ontario Region contact information

• New Brunswick contact information

• Migratory Birds Convention Act and related links

• Wildlife Enforcement in Ontario

• New Brunswick Migratory Birds Hunting Regulations, 2006

• New Brunswick Wildlife Federation

• Other National and Provincial Law Enforcement Links

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